| Grade | Code | Allowable Current Density | Raw Material | Application Scenarios |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regular Power | RP | ≤17 A/cm² | Petroleum coke | Small EAF, refining furnace, submerged arc furnace |
| High Power | HP | 18–25 A/cm² | Premium petroleum coke | Medium-sized EAF (50–100 ton) |
| Ultra High Power | UHP | ≥25 A/cm² | Needle coke (core raw material) | Large UHP EAF (over 100 ton), DC electric arc furnace |
| Semi-Ultra High Power | SHP | 22–25 A/cm² | Modified petroleum coke | Intermediate application between HP and UHP (non-national standard classification) |
| Item | Unit | UHP (Ultra High Power) | HP (High Power) | RP (Regular Power) | Test Standard | Key Influence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulk Density | g/cm³ | ≥1.85 | ≥1.82 | ≥1.78 | GB/T 24529 | Higher density brings better electrical conductivity and mechanical strength |
| Electrical Resistivity | μΩ·m | ≤8.0 | ≤9.0 | ≤10.0 | GB/T 24273 | Lower value means less power loss and higher working efficiency |
| Flexural Strength | MPa | ≥12.0 | ≥10.0 | ≥8.0 | GB/T 3074.1 | Determines resistance against mechanical impact and arc vibration |
| Compressive Strength | MPa | ≥45.0 | ≥40.0 | ≥35.0 | GB/T 3074.2 | Resists burden impact and high-temperature deformation |
| Elastic Modulus | GPa | 10–12 | 8–10 | 6–8 | GB/T 3074.3 | Affects thermal shock resistance and fracture toughness |
| CTE (20–200℃)Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | μm/(m·K) | 0.4–0.6 | 0.6–0.8 | 0.8–1.0 | GB/T 3074.4 | Smaller coefficient ensures superior thermal shock stability |
| Ash Content | % | ≤0.15 | ≤0.20 | ≤0.30 | GB/T 3521 | Lower ash content equals higher purity and better oxidation resistance |
| Graphitization Degree | % | ≥98 | ≥95 | ≥90 | XRD (d₀₀₂) | Governs electrical conductivity and high-temperature resistance |
| Apparent Porosity | % | ≤18 | ≤20 | ≤22 | GB/T 24529 | Lower porosity improves compactness and anti-oxidation performance |
Core Feature (Adaptability Advantage for Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking)
1. Outstanding high-temperature stability
Sublimation temperature 3800℃, far exceeding the maximum temperature of the electric arc furnace (3500℃), no melting risk
Strength improvement at high temperatures (2000℃): tensile strength is 1.6 times that at room temperature, and the resistance to arc impact is enhanced
2. Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity
Resistivity is as low as 8 μΩ・m (UHP grade), high electrical energy conversion efficiency, and tonnage steel power consumption reduces by 3-5%
Thermal conductivity 120-150 W/(m・K), quickly transferring arc heat, shortening melting time
3. Unique thermal shock stability
Thermal expansion coefficient is extremely small (0.4-0.6 μm/(m・K)), adapting to the temperature fluctuations of 1000℃/min during the smelting process
Moderate elastic modulus, absorbing thermal stress, reducing the risk of fracture
4. Good corrosion resistance
Strong chemical inertness, resistant to steel water, slag, and oxygen erosion
Low ash content (≤0.15%), reducing impurities entering the steel water and ensuring steel quality
5. Strong machinability
Can be precisely processed into different diameters (75-700mm) and lengths (1800-2700mm), suitable for various electric arc furnaces
Matching electrode joints (same material), enabling multi-segment connection use, reducing replacement frequency
Specification dimensions and connection method
1. Standard diameter series (mm)
Small size: 75, 100, 150, 200, 250
Medium size: 300, 350, 400, 450
Large size: 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 (mainstream UHP level)
2. Length specifications
Standard length: 1800mm, 2100mm, 2400mm, 2700mm (±50mm tolerance)
For diameters larger than 500mm, the standard length is usually 2400/2700mm, suitable for large arc furnaces
3. Connection system
Conical thread connection: International standard taper 1:16, ensuring electrical continuity and mechanical strength
The joint material is the same as the electrode body, with matching resistivity to avoid local overheating
Production process (the core for ensuring performance)
Raw material selection: UHP grade needle coke (core), HP/RP grade high-quality petroleum coke, coal tar as binder
Sintering: 1200-1350℃, remove volatile components, improve raw material stability
Mixing / molding: Control particle grading, increase density
Rebaking: 900-1200℃, carbonize the binder
Immersion: Multiple immersions (UHP grade 2-3 times), reduce porosity, increase strength
Graphitization: 2800-3000℃, increase graphitization degree, reduce resistivity
Machine processing: Precision processing of threads to ensure connection accuracy
Performance - Cost - Lifespan
Graphite electrodes used in electric arc furnaces for steelmaking are the "heart" consumables in modern steel industry, and their performance directly affects the efficiency and cost of smelting.Graphite electrodes used in electric arc furnaces for steelmaking are the "heart" consumables in modern steel industry, and their performance directly affects the efficiency and cost of smelting. The UHP grade electrodes, with their advantages such as needle-shaped coke raw materials, high graphiteification degree, low resistivity, and high strength, have become the preferred choice for large electric arc furnaces. The consumption per ton of steel can be reduced to 1.6-2.0 kg, significantly enhancing economic benefits.
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